Prepare a picture for screens
Find out the width of the spot where it will appear and match the size in pixels. JPEG usually works for a photo; PNG for a diagram or a screenshot with text.
An independent reference on image formats and preparing pictures. It does not distribute images or files, does not give legal advice and is not affiliated with the previous site on this domain.
Guides
Most picture problems show up at the last minute: the file is too big to attach to an email, the slide with the logo looks like a patchwork quilt, and the print comes out soft and muddy. Here are guides for everyday tasks that are best handled before you hit “Send.”
The original picture is like the draft of a contract: you don't edit it, you edit a copy.
How to read this section: the advice isn't tied to any particular program and works in most image editors, including the ones built into your operating system. Your menu items may be named differently, but the order of steps is almost always the same. Before you change anything, make a copy of the original file: resizing and lossy compression can't be undone.
Tasks that sooner or later come up for anyone who puts pictures into emails, documents and slides.
Find out the width of the spot where it will appear and match the size in pixels. JPEG usually works for a photo; PNG for a diagram or a screenshot with text.
Estimate how many pixels you'll need for the print size at your chosen dot density. If the original falls short, it's better to make the print smaller than to stretch the picture.
Resize before inserting rather than dragging the picture larger inside the document. Heavy photos make a document sluggish and awkward to send.
PNG and SVG preserve transparency, while JPEG fills empty areas with a solid color. If the background suddenly turns white, check the format first.
Add alt text: a short description of what's shown and why the picture is there. A label like “image” or the file name helps no one.
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Work on a copy and set the original file aside. If you don't like the result, you can always start over instead of trying to bring back pixels that are already gone.
First remove whatever isn't relevant: empty sky, the edge of a table, someone else's elbow. Cropping shrinks a file more honestly than any compression, because it throws away what you don't need instead of degrading what you do.
Scale the image down to the size it will actually be viewed at. A shot that will be opened on a phone or in an email window doesn't need to keep the camera's full resolution. Make sure the proportions stay locked so the picture doesn't get squashed.
A rough example: if the photo will be opened in an email window half the width of the screen, there's simply no reason to keep many times more pixels across than that.
For a photo, JPEG with moderate compression works well; for a screenshot with text, PNG. Save the JPEG from the original in one go: every repeated lossy save adds new artifacts.
Open the result at actual size and look at faces, small text and the edges of high-contrast objects. If you see jagged steps or smudgy patches around edges, ease off the compression and save again from the copy of the original.
The kinds of programs and features that help with images, from the built-in photo viewer to a vector editor and the eyedropper.
Raster vs vector, JPEG, PNG, SVG and PDF, screen vs print: tables that help you pick the right format and size for the job.
What to do when a picture turns blurry or jagged, gets too heavy, loses its transparent background or looks dull on paper.
Key terms: pixel, resolution, dots per inch, raster, vector, Bézier curve, compression, transparency and alt text.
Answers about this reference, about picture sizes and formats, about printing and about using images found online.
This advice is written in general terms as of the date it was prepared. Menu items, save dialogs and export settings are named differently from one editor to the next and change with updates, so check the help for the program you actually use rather than matching our wording exactly.